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Universal and Particular

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One in many

What do many different things have in common when we call them by one name? The universal is what is shared by many individuals, such as a figure, a colour, or being human. These readings ask what it is that the many have in common.

2 readings

In the Meno, Socrates presses Meno, who has offered a list of virtues, to say what virtue is, and first practises the demand on “figure”. He asks for the “simile in multis”, the one thing in many, in Jowett’s rendering of the question. The dialogue begins with the question whether virtue can be taught. It sits under “One in many” as the plainest statement of what a definition seeks.

In Act III, scene 1, of The Merchant of Venice, Shylock answers the taunts of Salarino and Solanio with the speech beginning “I am a Jew”. He lists “eyes”, “hands”, “organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions” and concludes, “If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that”. The play was printed in 1600. It sits under “One in many” as a dramatic argument from what individuals have in common.