Commentaria in I Machabaeorum
Chapter the First. Synopsis of the Chapter
Alexander the Great, being about to die, divides his kingdoms among the Princes. From one of these, namely Seleucus, was descended Antiochus Epiphanes, who laid waste Judea, plundered the temple, and placed in it an idol of Jupiter, slew very many of the Jews, drove the rest to idolatry, and afflicted those who resisted with martyrdom by various torments,
1. And it came to pass, after that Alexander the son of Philip, the Macedonian, who first reigned in Greece, coming out of the land of Cetthim, had overthrown Darius king of the Persians and Medes, 2. He fought many battles, and took the strongholds of all, and slew the kings of the earth. 3. And he went through even to the ends of the earth, and took the spoils of many nations: and the earth was quiet before him. 4. And he gathered a power, and a mighty strong army: and his heart was exalted and lifted up. 5. And he subdued countries of nations, and princes, and they became tributaries to him. 6. And after this he fell down upon his bed, and knew that he should die. 7. And he called his servants the nobles that were brought up with him from his youth: and he divided his kingdom among them, while he was yet alive. 8. And Alexander reigned twelve years, and he died. 9. And his servants took possession of his kingdom, every one in his place: 10. And they all put crowns upon themselves after he was dead, and their sons after them many years, and evils were multiplied in the earth. 11. And there came out of them a wicked root, Antiochus the Illustrious, the son of king Antiochus, who had been a hostage at Rome: and he reigned in the hundred and thirty-seventh year of the kingdom of the Greeks. 12. In those days there went out of Israel wicked men, and they persuaded many, saying: Let us go, and make a covenant with the nations that are round about us: for since we departed from them, we have found much evil. 13. And the word seemed good in their eyes. 14. And some of the people determined to do this, and went to the king: and he gave them licence to do after the ordinances of the Gentiles. 15. And they built a place of exercise in Jerusalem, according to the laws of the nations: 16. And they made themselves foreskins, and departed from the holy covenant, and joined themselves to the nations, and were sold to do evil. 17. And the kingdom was established before the face of Antiochus, and he had a mind to reign over the land of Egypt, that he might reign over two kingdoms. 18. And he entered into Egypt with a great multitude, with chariots and elephants, and horsemen, and a great multitude of ships. 19. And he made war against Ptolemee king of Egypt, and Ptolemee was afraid at his presence, and fled, and many were wounded unto death. 20. And he took the strong cities in the land of Egypt, and he took the spoils of the land of Egypt. 21. And Antiochus, after he had ravaged Egypt in the hundred and forty-third year, returned, and went up against Israel, 22. And he went up to Jerusalem with a great multitude. 23. And he proudly entered into the sanctuary, and took away the golden altar, and the candlestick of light, and all its vessels, and the table of proposition, and the pouring vessels, and the vials, and the little mortars of gold, and the veil, and the crowns, and the golden ornament that was before the temple: and he broke them all in pieces. 24. And he took the silver and gold, and the precious vessels: and he took the hidden treasures which he found: and when he had taken all away he departed into his own country. 25. And he made a great massacre of men, and spoke very proudly. 26. And there was great mourning in Israel, and in every place where they were. 27. And the princes and the ancients mourned: the virgins and the young men were made feeble, and the beauty of the women was changed. 28. Every bridegroom took up lamentation, and she that sat in the marriage bed, mourned: 29. And the land was moved for the inhabitants thereof, and all the house of Jacob was covered with confusion. 30. And after two years the king sent the chief collector of tributes to the cities of Juda, and he came to Jerusalem with a great multitude. 31. And he spoke to them peaceable words in deceit: and they believed him.
32. And he fell upon the city suddenly, and struck it with a great plague, and destroyed much people of Israel. 33. And he took the spoils of the city, and burnt it with fire, and threw down the houses thereof, and the walls thereof on every side: 34. And they took the women captive, and the children, and the cattle they possessed. 35. And they built the city of David with a great and strong wall, and with strong towers, and it became a fortress for them. 36. And they placed there a sinful nation, wicked men, and they fortified themselves therein, and stored up armour and victuals, and gathered together the spoils of Jerusalem: 37. And they laid them up there, and they became a great snare. 38. And this was a place to lie in wait against the sanctuary, and an evil devil in Israel. 39. And they shed innocent blood round about the sanctuary, and defiled the holy place. 40. And the inhabitants of Jerusalem fled away by reason of them, and she became the habitation of strangers, and she became strange to her own seed, and her children forsook her. 41. Her sanctuary was desolate like a wilderness, her festival days were turned into mourning, her sabbaths into reproach, her honours were brought to nothing. 42. Her dishonour was multiplied according to her glory, and her excellency was turned into mourning. 43. And king Antiochus wrote to all his kingdom, that all the people should be one, and every one should leave his own law. 44. And all nations consented according to the word of king Antiochus; 45. And many of Israel consented to his service, and sacrificed to idols, and profaned the sabbath. 46. And the king sent letters by messengers to Jerusalem, and to all the cities of Juda, that they should follow the laws of the nations of the earth, 47. And should forbid holocausts and sacrifices, and atonements to be made in the temple of God. 48. And should prohibit the sabbath, and the festival days to be celebrated. 49. And he commanded the holy places to be defiled, and the holy people of Israel. 50. And he commanded altars to be built, and temples, and idols, and swine’s flesh to be immolated, and unclean beasts. 51. And that they should leave their children uncircumcised, and let their souls be defiled with all uncleannesses, and abominations, to the end that they should forget the law, and should change all the justifications of God. 52. And whosoever would not do according to the word of king Antiochus, should be put to death. 53. According to all these words he wrote to his whole kingdom: and he appointed rulers over the people, who should force them to do these things. 54. And they commanded the cities of Juda to sacrifice. 55. Then many of the people were gathered to them that had forsaken the law of the Lord, and they committed evils in the land: 56. And they drove away the people of Israel into lurking holes, and into the secret places of fugitives. 57. On the fifteenth day of the month Casleu, in the hundred and forty-fifth year, king Antiochus set up the abominable idol of desolation upon the altar of God, and they built altars throughout all the cities of Juda round about: 58. And they burnt incense, and sacrificed at the doors of the houses, and in the streets. 59. And they cut in pieces, and burnt with fire the books of the law of God: 60. And every one with whom the books of the testament of the Lord were found, and whosoever observed the law of the Lord, they put to death, according to the edict of the king. 61. By this their power they dealt with the people of Israel that were found in the cities, month after month. 62. And on the five and twentieth day of the month they sacrificed upon the altar of the idol, that was over against the altar of God. 63. And the women that circumcised their children, were slain according to the commandment of king Antiochus, 64. And they hung the children about their necks in all their houses: and those that had circumcised them, they put to death. 65. And many of the people of Israel determined with themselves that they would not eat unclean things: and they chose rather to die than to be defiled with unclean meats: 66. And they would not break the holy law of God, and they were put to death: 67. And there was very great wrath upon the people.